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VERSCHÄTZ DICH NICHT!

von Markus Feistritzer

Viele Wege führen nach Rom – dies trifft in gewisser Weise auch auf den „Mythos Schätztechniken“ zu, ja!  Aber: Sie wollen bestimmt nicht im Dschungel der (vagen) Vorhersagen und wilden Spekulationen landen … Die Chancen, dass Ihre verzweifelten „Hilfe-holt-mich-hier-raus-Rufe“ dort jemals gehört werden, stehen schlecht, schätze ich! Andererseits kann man auch von erfahrenen „Häusle-Bauern“ (historischen Daten) in die Irre geleitet und womöglich samt Estrich „verlegt“ werden. Beides klingt wenig verlockend ... Damit Sie sich bei Ihrem nächsten Projekt garantiert nicht verschätzen, verfolgen Sie bitte die Blogserie rund um dieses Themengebiet aufmerksam! In diesem Sinne viel Spaß beim heutigen Beitrag …

Verchätz dich nicht!
© cartoonresource - Fotolia

Arbeitspakete definieren und deren Dauer schätzen, dieser „weise Rat“ zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch das Projektgeschäft. In der Tat sind Sie mit diesem Tipp in jeder Periode Ihres Vorhabens gut beraten! Die Aufwandsschätzung (in Bezug auf Personalbedarf, Wareneinsatz, finanzielle Mittel etc.) hat äußerste Priorität in jeder Phase eines Projektes. Schätzungen sind weder aus der Termin- oder Kostenplanung, noch aus der Angebotspreiskalkulation und sämtlichen sonstigen Projektentscheidungen wegzudenken. Wie Sie die ungefähre Dauer der Arbeitspakete auf dem Balkendiagramm grafisch korrekt darstellen, wissen Sie bereits (s. Blog „Balkenplan - GANTT(Z) schön clever!“). Wie aber gelingt es Ihnen, die Durchlaufzeiten (z. B. bei der Terminplanung) möglichst realistisch einzuschätzen?
Selbstverständlich gibt es auch dafür verschiedene Techniken. Für die Wahl der jeweiligen Methode sind u. a. die Art des Projektes und die Aufgabenart entscheidend. Die ersten beiden Schätzungsmöglichkeiten stelle ich Ihnen heute vor:

1) Experteninterview (Einzel-/Mehrfachbefragung)

Die Befragung von Fachleuten (unternehmensinterne oder externe Spezialisten) ist eine sehr beliebte und in der Praxis recht häufige Vorgangsweise. Die Anwendung ist u. a. in solchen Situationen sinnvoll, in denen hauptsächlich qualitative Daten vorliegen. Voraussetzung für den Erhalt fundierter Ergebnisse ist das Vorliegen eines gut strukturierten und vollständigen Projektstrukturplans (mit den entsprechenden Arbeitspaketbeschreibungen). Des Weiteren sind evtl. Spezifikationen, Informationen zum Terminablauf, den geplanten Ressourcen und dgl. vorzulegen.

Der größte Vorteil der Expertenbefragung liegt in der einfachen und schnellen Durchführung. Erfahrene betriebsfremde Spezialisten bzw. firmeninterne Knowhow-Träger sind meist in der Lage,  innerhalb kurzer Zeit entsprechende Empfehlungen abzugeben. Sie verfügen über enormes Fachwissen und können auf ein breites Spektrum an gewonnenen Erkenntnissen in ähnlichen Referenzprojekten zurückgreifen. Als nachteilig ist anzumerken, dass spezifische – für die neue Aufgabe zutreffende – Punkte, leicht vernachlässigt oder übersehen werden können.

2) Analoge Schätzung

Hierbei greift man auf die Erfahrungen, die man bei möglichst ähnlichen Projekten oder Arbeitsschritten in der Vergangenheit gemacht hat, zurück. Bei dieser Methode baut man auf „historischen Daten/Aktivitäten“ (z. B. Arbeitsaufwand, Zeitumfang, Budget etc.) auf. Wenn schon 50 Häuser erfolgreich gebaut wurden, kann man annehmen, dass auch das 51.  gut geschätzt/geplant und folglich problemlos gebaut werden kann. Bei der analogen Schätzung handelt es sich meist um eine sehr genaue Prognose, die äußerst gut geeignet ist für Projekte mit hohem „Wiederholungscharakter“, soll heißen: durch die von Ihnen gesammelten Daten, welche Sie schon seit einigen Jahren dokumentieren (oder aus mehreren vorhergegangenen Projekten vorliegen haben) lässt sich die Qualität der analogen Schätzung enorm steigern.

Essentiell für eine möglichst gute Schätzung mittels dieser Technik ist, dass die entsprechenden Daten der abgeschlossenen Projekte (in Bezug auf Dauer, Etat, Komplexität …) dem neuen Projekt a) möglichst ähnlich sind, b) vollständig vorhanden und c) gut dokumentiert sind. Wie bereits erwähnt, ist dieses Verfahren vor allem für Projekte geeignet, die einen hohen Grad an Wiederholung aufweisen.

Ich "schätze" mich glücklich, dass das Lesen meiner Beiträge in Ihrem Arbeitsalltag Platz findet und mittlerweile „hohen Wiederholungscharakter“ aufweist! Setzen Sie dieses „Montag-Morgen-Ritual“ bitte unbedingt fort.

Eine schöne Woche wünscht,
Markus Feistritzer

 

von Markus Feistritzer | Kategorien: Organisationsentwicklung, Projektmanagement, Prozessmanagement

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